Fertilization provides essential nutrients but must be applied at the right times and rates. Over‑fertilization leads to disease, thatch and environmental pollution, while under‑fertilization weakens turf. A balanced fertilization program begins with soil testing and adjusts applications for grass species, soil type and desired performance. University of Kentucky recommendations include:
- Moderate annual nitrogen: Apply no more than 2–3 lbs of nitrogen per 1,000 ft² each year plantpathology.ca.uky.edu. Less nitrogen is acceptable for low‑maintenance lawns plantpathology.ca.uky.edu.
- Fertilize in fall: Apply most nitrogen in autumn to promote strong roots and recovery from summer stress plantpathology.ca.uky.edu. A light spring application (½ lb N per 1,000 ft²) is optionalplantpathology.ca.uky.edu.
- Test your soil: Conduct a soil test every 3–5 years to determine lime, phosphorous and potassium needs plantpathology.ca.uky.edu. Proper pH (around 6.0–7.0) supports nutrient availability publications.ca.uky.edu.
- Avoid heavy spring fertilization: Lush spring growth encourages diseases like brown patch plantpathology.ca.uky.edu and attracts pests. Skip spring weed & feed products publications.ca.uky.edu.
Understanding Fertilizer Labels
- N‑P‑K ratios: Fertilizer bags list three numbers representing nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K). For example, a 20‑0‑10 fertilizer contains 20 % N, 0 % P and 10 % K by weight. Choose a formulation based on soil test results and turf requirements. Kentucky’s soils often supply adequate phosphorus, so many fall fertilizers exclude it.
- Fast vs slow release: Quick‑release nitrogen sources (e.g., urea, ammonium nitrate) provide an immediate boost but are prone to leaching and can burn turf if overapplied. Slow‑release products (e.g., sulfur‑coated urea, polymer‑coated urea, natural organics) feed gradually over weeks and reduce environmental impact.
- Micronutrients: Iron, manganese and other micronutrients may be deficient on certain soils, especially high‑pH sites. Foliar iron applications can green up turf without increasing growth. Avoid overapplying micronutrients; more is not always better.
Application Tips
- Calculate application rates: To apply 1 lb of nitrogen per 1,000 ft² using a fertilizer with 20 % nitrogen, spread 5 lbs of product per 1,000 ft². Divide your lawn into manageable sections and use a calibrated spreader for even distribution.
- Divide feedings: Split your annual nitrogen into two or three applications—early fall, late fall and optional spring—to provide steady nutrition without surge growth plantpathology.ca.uky.edu.
- Water in: After fertilizing, irrigate lightly to move nutrients into the soil and prevent runoff onto sidewalks or driveways.
- Fertilize new seedings carefully: Use a starter fertilizer high in phosphorus at seeding, but avoid high nitrogen until seedlings are established to prevent disease plantpathology.ca.uky.edu.
Applying fertilizer correctly enhances turf health without increasing weed or disease pressure. For a personalized fertilization plan and product recommendations, consult Rise Pest Pros.
Applying fertilizer correctly enhances turf health without increasing weed or disease pressure. For a personalized fertilization plan, consult Rise Pest Pros.
